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5G NTN 向 6G 星地融合技术的演进
电子技术应用
马东俊,张少伟,魏朋枭,陈义豪,郜融,韩福勇,齐岽清,朱雪田
中国星网网络创新研究院有限公司
摘要: 非地面网络(Non-Terrestrial Network,NTN)是移动通信由地面覆盖向全球泛在连接拓展的重要技术方向,也是6G(6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology,6G)构建星地融合网络的重要基础。5G(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology,5G)NTN通过对既有蜂窝体系进行长时延、多普勒、随机接入和移动性等适配,实现了卫星通信与移动通信的融合接入,并持续由基础接入向网络能力增强发展。面向6G,随着大规模低轨星座、星间链路、再生式载荷和星上智能的发展,NTN的研究重点将由“卫星适配蜂窝网络”逐步转向“天地网络协同设计”。梳理5G NTN技术与标准演进过程,从网络架构、空口技术、移动性管理、多星组网与资源协同、网络能力5个维度分析其向6G星地融合的技术演进,进一步总结6G星地融合的发展方向和关键技术挑战,并对未来天地统一网络及通感算智融合空间信息基础设施进行展望。
中图分类号:TN929.5 文献标志码:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.268806
中文引用格式: 马东俊,张少伟,魏朋枭,等. 5G NTN 向 6G 星地融合技术的演进[J]. 电子技术应用,2026,52(10):1-5.
英文引用格式: Ma Dongjun,Zhang Shaowei,Wei Pengxiao,et al. The evolution of 5G NTN to 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2026,52(10):1-5.
The evolution of 5G NTN to 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology
Ma Dongjun,Zhang Shaowei,Wei Pengxiao,Chen Yihao,Gao Rong,Han Fuyong,Qi Dongqing,Zhu Xuetian
China Satellite Network Innovation Co., Ltd.
Abstract: NTN is an important technological direction for extending mobile communications from terrestrial coverage to global ubiquitous connectivity, and also a critical foundation for building satellite-terrestrial integrated networks in 6G. By adapting the existing cellular system to long propagation delays, Doppler shifts, random access, and mobility, 5G NTN has achieved integrated access between satellite communications and mobile communications, and is continuously evolving from basic access toward enhanced network capabilities. For 6G, with the development of large-scale LEO constellations, inter-satellite links, regenerative payloads, and on-board intelligence, the research focus of NTN will gradually shift from "satellites adapting to cellular networks" toward "collaborative design of space and terrestrial networks". This paper reviews the technology and standard evolution of 5G NTN, analyzes its technological evolution toward 6G satellite-terrestrial integration from five dimensions—network architecture, air interface technologies, mobility management, multi-satellite networking and resource coordination, and network capabilities—further summarizes the development directions and key technical challenges of 6G satellite-terrestrial integration, and provides an outlook on future unified space-terrestrial networks and spatial information infrastructure integrating communication, sensing, computing, and intelligence.
Key words : NTN;6G;satellite-terrestrial integration;mobility management

引言

随着移动通信由地面人口密集区域向海洋、航空、偏远地区和应急场景拓展,单纯依靠地面蜂窝网络难以实现全球连续覆盖。IMT-2030已将泛在连接列为重要应用场景,并进一步强调通信、感知、计算和智能等能力融合[1]。卫星具有广域覆盖和跨地域服务优势,低轨星座则兼具较低传播时延和全球部署能力,因此NTN正由传统地面网络的覆盖补充逐步发展为未来移动通信体系的重要组成。

5G阶段NTN的核心贡献,是在尽量继承蜂窝通信协议、终端和核心网生态的基础上,使NR能够适应卫星链路长传播时延、大多普勒、高速运动和大范围覆盖等特征[2-8]。这一“协议继承+场景增强”路线有效降低了卫星进入蜂窝体系的产业门槛,但随着星座规模扩大、星间链路和再生式载荷发展,网络设计对象已由单一星地链路扩展为持续变化的天地多层网络,网络架构、移动性、路由和资源调度之间的耦合显著增强[9-14]。

因此,从5G NTN到6G星地融合的演进并非简单的速率或覆盖提升,而是由“卫星如何接入蜂窝网络”逐步转向“天地网络如何面向统一业务需求协同设计”。本文首先集中梳理5G NTN的标准和技术发展过程;随后从架构、空口、移动性、组网和网络能力5个维度分析向6G演进的技术变化;最后讨论6G星地融合的发展方向、关键挑战和未来技术形态。


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作者信息:

马东俊,张少伟,魏朋枭,陈义豪,郜融,韩福勇,齐岽清,朱雪田

(中国星网网络创新研究院有限公司,北京 100029)

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