12~30 GHz高精度低附加相移数控衰减器设计
电子技术应用
张斌,秦战明,吴舒桐,张礼怿,杨俊浩,蒋颖丹
中国电子科技集团第五十八研究所
摘要: 为了满足宽带微波无线通信系统高精度的设计要求,采用砷化镓(GaAs)0.15 μm PHEMT工艺设计了一款12~30 GHz高精度低附加相移的五位数控衰减器。该衰减器通过级联五个不同衰减位,可实现最小步进为0.5 dB的0~15.5 dB衰减范围,其中0.5 dB衰减位采用简化T型衰减结构,1 dB、2 dB、4 dB和8 dB衰减位采用Lange耦合器式反射型结构。在反射型衰减拓扑结构中提出并采用了层叠开关晶体管技术和电容补偿技术,有效降低了超宽频带内的附加相移,提高了衰减精度。电磁仿真显示,在12~30 GHz频带范围内,参考态插入损耗≤3.8 dB,衰减器的32态衰减均方根误差(Root Mean Square, RMS)小于0.5 dB,典型值仅为0.3 dB,衰减器的32态附加相移不超过±3°,32态端口输入回波损耗与输出回波损耗均大于12 dB。电路尺寸仅为2.95 mm×1.2 mm。
中图分类号:TN432 文献标志码:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.256659
中文引用格式: 张斌,秦战明,吴舒桐,等. 12~30 GHz高精度低附加相移数控衰减器设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2025,51(11):116-121.
英文引用格式: Zhang Bin,Qin Zhanming,Wu Shutong,et al. Design of a 12~30 GHz high precision and low additional phase shift digital controlled attenuator[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2025,51(11):116-121.
中文引用格式: 张斌,秦战明,吴舒桐,等. 12~30 GHz高精度低附加相移数控衰减器设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2025,51(11):116-121.
英文引用格式: Zhang Bin,Qin Zhanming,Wu Shutong,et al. Design of a 12~30 GHz high precision and low additional phase shift digital controlled attenuator[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2025,51(11):116-121.
Design of a 12~30 GHz high precision and low additional phase shift digital controlled attenuator
Zhang Bin,Qin Zhanming,Wu Shutong,Zhang Liyi,Yang Junhao,Jiang Yingdan
China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.58 Research Institute
Abstract: In order to meet the high-precision design requirements of broadband microwave wireless communication systems, a five-bit digital controlled attenuator with low additional phase shift in the 12~30 GHz range was designed using GaAs 0.15 μm PHEMT technology in this paper. This attenuator can achieve an attenuation range of 0 dB to 15.5 dB with a minimum step of 0.5 dB by cascading five different attenuation bits. Among them, the 0.5 dB attenuation bit adopts a simplified T-type attenuation structure, while the 1 dB, 2 dB, 4 dB and 8 dB attenuation bits adopt a Lange coupler-based reflective structure. In the reflective attenuator structure, the stacked switch transistor technology and capacitor compensation technology are adopted to effectively reduce the additional phase shift within the ultra-wide frequency band and improve the attenuation percosopn. Electromagnetic simulation shows that within the 12~30GHz frequency band, the insertion loss of the reference state is less than 3.8 dB, the root mean square (RMS) error of the 32-state attenuation of the attenuator is less than 0.5 dB, its typical value is only 0.3 dB, the additional phase shift of the 32-state attenuator is less than ±3°, and the input and output return losses at the ports are both greater than 12 dB. The circuit size is only 2.95 mm×1.2 mm.
Key words : high precision;low additional phase shift;digital controlled attenuator;GaAs;reflective structure;stacked switch transistor;capacitor compensation;root mean square error
引言
相控阵系统因其波束指向精确度高、波束合成快以及其快速波束扫描能力被广泛应用于雷达和微波无线通信系统[1]。随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,高性能、低成本、高集成度相控阵组件的需求越来越迫切。作为相控阵收发组件的核心组成单元,数控衰减器的基本工作原理就是改变微波器件的控制电压来改变电路的工作状态,从而对信号进行精确的幅度控制。数控衰减器不仅可以补偿相控阵组件通道间的增益误差,还可以实现相控阵组件旁瓣抑制的功能[2-3]。数控衰减器作为无源类的衰减器,相比有源可变增益放大器(VGA),具有低功耗、可双向使用、高线性度、超宽带等优势,因此数控衰减器具有更广的应用范围[4]。
为了满足毫米波相控阵系统高性能、高精度的需求, 设计一款具有高精度、低损耗、低附加相移的高性能数控衰减器显得尤其重要。当今,射频/微波集成电路的设计工艺主要有GaAs、GaN、InP等Ⅲ/Ⅴ族化合物工艺、CMOS工艺、SiGeBiCMOS工艺、SOI工艺等。每款工艺都具有优势和不足之处。此次,采用GaAs 0.15 μm PHEMT工艺,设计了一款12~30 GHz的高精度五位数控衰减器,五个基本移相位分别为0.5 dB、1 dB、2 dB、4 dB和8 dB,通过控制五组开关管的栅极电压实现步进0.5 dB的32种调幅状态。
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作者信息:
张斌,秦战明,吴舒桐,张礼怿,杨俊浩,蒋颖丹
(中国电子科技集团第五十八研究所, 江苏 无锡 214035)

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