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基于能量均衡高效的LEACH改进算法
2023年电子技术应用第1期
谢佳,张玲华
南京邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院, 江苏 南京 210023
摘要: LEACH路由协议是无线传感器网络一个经典的分簇路由方法,但在限能严重的无线网络中,节点功耗高、生存时间短等问题严重影响网络性能,为此提出了改进的基于能量均衡高效的LEACH-X协议。通过加入最优簇首数,提出修正的剩余能量因子,考虑节点的剩余能量、周期内当选过簇首的次数以及密度因子,并对部署区域分区,针对区域调整距离因子增益参数的权重来修正簇首选举阈值函数;接着进行二次竞争并最终选举簇首,从而减小节点能耗,使WSN存活时间得到一定的延长。仿真结果表明,与传统LEACH协议进行对比,LEACH-X协议降低了网络能耗,延长了网络生存时间。
中图分类号:TN92;TP393
文献标志码:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223052
中文引用格式: 谢佳,张玲华. 基于能量均衡高效的LEACH改进算法[J]. 电子技术应用,2023,49(1):63-68.
英文引用格式: Xie Jia,Zhang Linghua. Efficient LEACH algorithm based on energy equalization[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(1):63-68.
Efficient LEACH algorithm based on energy equalization
Xie Jia,Zhang Linghua
School of Communication and Information Engineering,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China
Abstract: LEACH routing protocol is a classical clustering routing method in wireless sensor networks. However, in severely limited wireless networks, high power consumption and short lifetime of nodes seriously affect network performance. In this paper, an improved efficient LEACH-X protocol based on energy balance is proposed. By joining the optimal number of cluster head, the surplus energy correction factor is put forward. Considering the residual energy of nodes,the number of cluster head during the period and density factor, and partitioning the deployment area, the cluster head election threshold function is modified by adjusting the weight of the distance factor gain parameters for the region.Then, the second competition is in progress and ultimately the cluster head is selectd, so as to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, the survival time of WSN can be extended to some extent. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional LEACH protocol, the LEACH-X protocol reduces the network energy consumption and prolongs the network lifetime.
Key words : wireless sensor network;LEACH;optimal cluster head;residual energy factor;density factor

0 引言

    无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)是一种随机部署在某个地域范围内的自组织网络[1]。WSN[2]能够监测、感知和收集区域内环境或被监控对象的信息,广泛应用于国防军事、工业过程控制、环境监测等领域[3],其研究、开发和应用关系到国家安全、经济发展等许多重要方面[4]

    WSN具有以数据为中心、资源受限、快速部署、网络拓扑频繁变化不易维护等特点[5]。其应用环境特殊,当节点能量耗尽将无法继续工作。因此,为了能够延长WSN的生命周期,设计出简单有效的协议,是WSN的一项关键技术。

    LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)[6]是最早被提出来的自适应分簇路由协议,但在严重限能的WSN中,对簇首的选择较为随机,且没有将节点密度、节点负荷和节点剩余能量考虑进簇首选举过程中,整个网络性能较低[7],不利于WSN的生存。




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作者信息:

谢佳,张玲华

(南京邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院, 江苏 南京 210023)




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