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基于UWB的无人机自主导航系统设计
2023年电子技术应用第5期
田祥瑞1,罗欣1,贾茚钧1,尹婕1,陈健军2
(1.南京航空航天大学 自动化学院,江苏 南京 210016;2.中国电子科学研究院,北京 100041)
摘要: 针对卫星拒止环境下的无人机导航,提出一种基于超宽带(Ultra Wide-Band,UWB)技术的局部定位系统,实现无人机定位与导航。首先利用UWB技术实现测距,进而解算无人机在局部坐标系下的三维坐标,然后基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)融合多传感器数据以提高无人机的定位精度。基于开源飞控Pixhawk搭建了无人机飞行验证平台,将UWB定位系统数据与飞控传感器数据融合,对无人机在局部坐标系下的自主飞行进行了仿真。最后通过实验验证了基于UWB的多传感器数据融合导航在无人机自主导航控制上的可行性,实现了无人机在地面平台上的自主起降、对地目标伴飞等飞行导航任务。
中图分类号:TN964.1
文献标志码:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223240
中文引用格式: 田祥瑞,罗欣,贾茚钧,等. 基于UWB的无人机自主导航系统设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2023,49(5):129-134.
英文引用格式: Tian Xiangrui,Luo Xin,Jia Yinjun,et al. Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(5):129-134.
Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB
Tian Xiangrui1,Luo Xin1,Jia Yinjun1,Yin Jie1,Chen Jianjun2
(1.School of Automation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; 2.China Academy of Electronic Sciences, Beijing 100041, China)
Abstract: A local positioning system based on ultra-wide band (UWB) technology is proposed to realize unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation in the environment of satellite denial. Firstly, the UWB technology is used to realize the ranging, and then the three-dimensional coordinates of the UAV in the local coordinate system are solved. Then the multi-sensor data are fused based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) to improve the positioning accuracy of the UAV. Based on the open source flight control Pixhawk, the UAV flight verification platform is built, and the UWB positioning system data is fused with the flight control sensor data to simulate the autonomous flight of UAV in the local coordinate system. Finally, through experiments, the feasibility of multi-sensor data fusion navigation based on UWB in the autonomous navigation control of UAV is verified, and the flight navigation tasks of UAV such as autonomous take-off and landing on the ground platform and flying with ground targets are realized.
Key words : UAV;ultra-wide band;EKF;navigation and positioning;flight control

0 引言

随着无人机技术的不断发展,无人机可实现的应用功能愈发强劲与广泛,众多行业开始涉足无人机领域,无人机的飞行任务呈现出多样化、复杂化的趋势。作为无人机执行各项任务的基础,无人机导航定位系统的精确性与鲁棒性是任务完成质量的重要保障。目前无人机导航多采用基于卫星定位的全球定位系统,然而在城市高楼遮挡、室内环境、战时环境时变性和动态性的影响下,卫星信号并不能实时满足导航需求,此时无人机只能依靠机载传感器或协同设备进行场景感知,并基于得到的数据进行导航定位。


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作者信息:

田祥瑞1,罗欣1,贾茚钧1,尹婕1,陈健军2

(1.南京航空航天大学 自动化学院,江苏 南京 210016;2.中国电子科学研究院,北京 100041)


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