中图分类号：TP309文献标志码：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2026.06.002中文引用格式：王蕊，徐志浩，董良遇.融合国密算法的工控协议动态自适应加固体系设计［J］.网络安全与数据治理，2026，45（6）：9-16. 英文引用格式：Wang Rui，Xu Zhihao，Dong Liangyu.Design of dynamic adaptive reinforcement system for industrial control protocols integrated with national cryptographic algorithms［J］.Cyber Security and Data Governance，2026，45（6）：9-16.
Design of dynamic adaptive reinforcement system for industrial control protocols integrated with national cryptographic algorithms
Wang Rui1,2，Xu Zhihao1,2，Dong Liangyu1,2
1. China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team; 2. Key Laboratory of Industrial Information Security Perception and Evaluation Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Abstract： Aiming at the prominent security defects and insufficient protection capability of industrial control protocols under the integration of the industrial internet,this paper conducts research on security analysis and reinforcement system of industrial control protocols.By analyzing the architecture and communication mechanisms of typical industrial control protocols,the security shortcomings are identified,and the attack paths and damage mechanisms at the protocol layer are revealed.Breaking through the limitations of traditional singlepoint defense,a scheme integrating national cryptographic algorithms,humanmachine collaborative reverse engineering and dynamic adaptive reinforcement is proposed,constructing a fulllifecycle protection system covering protocol parsing,vulnerability detection and active defense.Experimental verification shows that the proposed scheme can significantly improve attack interception and vulnerability defense performance while ensuring realtime performance and compatibility.The research results can provide technical support for security detection,vulnerability mining and reinforcement implementation of industrial control protocols,and help enhance the attack resistance of critical infrastructure.
Key words : industrial control protocol; protocol reverse analysis; security hardening; national cryptography SM9; dynamic
引言
随着工业4.0与智能制造的快速推进，工业控制系统(Industrial Control System，ICS)正逐步打破封闭运行模式，实现OT网络与IT网络、互联网的深度融合。工控协议作为设备间指令交互、数据传输的核心载体，其安全边界不断模糊。不同于传统网络协议追求大带宽、广覆盖的特点，工控协议的设计初心更聚焦于高实时性、高可靠性与强抗干扰性，但却忽视了安全防护机制的构建，导致传统工控协议，例如Modbus、分布式网络协议3(Distributed Network Protocol 3，DNP3)等存在先天安全缺陷［1］。同时，工业领域中大量私有工控协议因缺乏统一的设计规范与公开文档，其协议格式、字段语义的不透明性为漏洞挖掘与攻击实施提供了可乘之机［2］。
2025年,美国网络安全和基础设施安全局(Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency，CISA)累计发布ICS相关网络安全官方通告超340份，其中高危/致命漏洞占比超55%，大量漏洞可实现远程代码执行、系统接管、权限提升，覆盖施耐德、西门子、罗克韦尔等头部厂商核心产品，攻击者可通过协议漏洞实现远程代码执行、系统接管等恶意操作，波及能源、制造、水处理等关键信息基础设施领域［3］。这些事件充分暴露了工控协议安全防护的紧迫性，也凸显了对工控协议进行深度分析与创新加固的重要意义。现有工控协议研究主要分为协议逆向分析与安全加固两类。协议逆向分析以报文序列分析为主，对系统影响较小，但字段语义推断精度低、私有协议适配性不足［4］。安全加固多采用安全传输层协议(Transport Layer Security，TLS)加密、访问控制等被动防御手段，实时性适配差，难以抵御零日漏洞与未知攻击，且国密算法融合应用不足，无法满足关键信息基础设施安全合规要求。为此，亟需构建兼顾实时性、兼容性与安全性的工控协议动态防护体系。
