电机故障预测与智能诊断系统研究及应用
集成电路应用
邢宇鹏,秦存金,田清远,阮正学
云南昆船电子设备有限公司
摘要: 在现代工业场景中,电机持续稳定运行是保障生产效率与设备安全的关键。针对传统故障诊断依赖经验规则、响应滞后及泛化能力不足的问题,设计了一种以振动数据为核心,融合多源数据的电机智能诊断与预测系统。该系统针对一般工业客户的典型设备场景,综合运用“GMMSVM”组合模型实现状态识别,并引入长短期记忆网络构建故障趋势预测模型,通过模型权重融合与阈值决策机制提高预测鲁棒性与实用性,实验与现场应用验证结果表明,该系统在满足工业应用趋势预测需求的同时,故障识别准确率显著优于传统方法,能够有效支撑电机的预测性维护与智能化管理,为工业设备健康管理提供可推广的技术路径。
中图分类号:TP181;TP277文献标识码:ADOI:10.19339/j.issn.1674-2583.2026.02.008
中文引用格式:邢宇鹏,秦存金,田清远,等. 电机故障预测与智能诊断系统研究及应用[J].集成电路应用,2026,43(2):38-44.
英文引用格式:Xing Yupeng,Qin Cunjin,Tian Qingyuan,et al. Research and application of motor fault pragnosis and intelligent diagnosis system[J].Application of IC,2026,43(2):38-44.
中文引用格式:邢宇鹏,秦存金,田清远,等. 电机故障预测与智能诊断系统研究及应用[J].集成电路应用,2026,43(2):38-44.
英文引用格式:Xing Yupeng,Qin Cunjin,Tian Qingyuan,et al. Research and application of motor fault pragnosis and intelligent diagnosis system[J].Application of IC,2026,43(2):38-44.
Research and application of motor fault pragnosis and intelligent diagnosis system
Xing Yupeng,Qin Cunjin,Tian Qingyuan,Ruan Zhengxue
Yunnan Kunchuan Electronic Equipment Co., Ltd.
Abstract: In modern industrial scenarios, the continuous and stable operation of electric motors is essential to ensuring production efficiency and equipment safety. To address the limitations of traditional fault diagnosis methods, such as reliance on veteran experience, delayed response, and insufficient generalization capability, this paper proposes and implements an intelligent motor fault diagnosis and prognosis system centered on vibration data and integrated with multi-source information.Aiming at typical industrial motor applications, the system employs a hybrid GMM-SVM framework for operating state identification, and introduces an LSTM network to model fault evolution and trend prognosis. By combining model-level weight fusion with a threshold-based decision mechanism, the robustness and practical applicability of fault prognosis are significantly improved.Experimental evaluation and on-site industrial validation demonstrate that the proposed system satisfies the requirements of trend-oriented prognosis in industrial environments. Compared with conventional diagnostic approaches, it achieves a notably higher fault identification accuracy and effectively supports prognostic maintenance and intelligent motor management. The proposed framework provides a scalable and practical technical solution for industrial equipment health management.
Key words : vibration analysis; multisource data fusion; prognostic maintenance; fault diagnosis; machine learning
引言
在工业生产中,旋转电机广泛应用于各类关键生产环节,其运行状态直接影响设备可靠性与生产连续性。传统故障诊断多依赖定期巡检与经验判断,难以在复杂工况及早期劣化阶段实现可靠预警。随着感知技术与数据分析方法的发展,基于振动信号的状态监测已成为旋转机械故障诊断的重要手段,并在ISO20816等国际标准中形成了较为成熟的评估体系[1-2]。
近年来,机器学习方法被广泛引入故障诊断领域,但纯数据驱动模型在工业应用中仍面临样本稀缺、可解释性不足、不易界定故障程度、部署成本较高等问题[3]。针对上述挑战,本文从工业部署性与理论可解释性统一的角度出发,提出一种分层递进式诊断与健康演化建模方法,在保留工程规则稳定性的同时,引入概率模型与时间序列模型以提升诊断能力。
本文的主要创新点包含:(1)提出一种多时间尺度耦合的电机健康状态建模方法;(2)构建一种分层递进式故障诊断框架,实现异常检测、状态识别与健康评估的统一建模;(3)提出一种融合历史稳态特性与标准约束的鲁棒阈值模型,增强非平稳工况下的稳定性;(4)构建一种引入时间一致性约束的健康状态演化模型,有效降低误报与漏报风险。
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作者信息:
邢宇鹏,秦存金,田清远,阮正学
(云南昆船电子设备有限公司,云南昆明650236)

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