基于STM32的风扇性能检测装置研究与设计
集成电路应用
阿克选1,王振鹏1,2,刘正威1
1郑州交通发展投资集团有限公司; 2.西安理工大学自动化与信息工程学院
摘要: 为解决现有检测仪器无法实现风扇调速、转速精准测量及多参数集成检测的问题,研发了一款适用于交直流风扇的维修检测专用装置。该装置以嵌入式系统为核心,集成 DCDC 控制、高精度电压电流采集、PWM 输出调节、波形计数及端口隔离等关键技术,实现风扇供电电压、运行电流、转速、风速的多参数一体化检测,且支持0%~100%内的 PWM 调速。测试表明,装置供电电压覆盖 0~120 V,电流测量0~2.0 A,转速测量0~10 000RPM,测量误差不超过5%,可适配 2P、3P、4P 等风扇接口。经郑州轨道交通现场应用验证,装置有效提升了风扇维修检测效率、降低误判率,为电子设备散热系统可靠运行提供了技术保障,具备显著的工程应用价值。
中图分类号:TN911.7文献标识码:ADOI:10.19339/j.issn.1674-2583.2026.03.005
中文引用格式:阿克选,王振鹏,刘正威. 基于STM32的风扇性能检测装置研究与设计[J].集成电路应用,2026,43(3):18-26.
英文引用格式:A Kexuan,Wang Zhenpeng,Liu Zhengwei. Research and design of an STM32-based fan performance testing device[J].Application of IC,2026,43(3):18-26.
中文引用格式:阿克选,王振鹏,刘正威. 基于STM32的风扇性能检测装置研究与设计[J].集成电路应用,2026,43(3):18-26.
英文引用格式:A Kexuan,Wang Zhenpeng,Liu Zhengwei. Research and design of an STM32-based fan performance testing device[J].Application of IC,2026,43(3):18-26.
Research and design of an STM32-based fan performance testing device
A Kexuan1,Wang Zhenpeng1,2,Liu Zhengwei1
1. Zhengzhou Rail Transit Operation Co., Ltd.; 2. School of Automation and Infornation Engineering
Abstract: To address the problems that existing testing instruments fail to realize fan speed regulation, accurate rotational speed measurement and integrated multi-parameter detection, this paper develops a specialized maintenance and testing device for AC and DC fans. Centered on an embedded system, the device integrates key technologies including DC-DC control, high-precision voltage and current acquisition, PWM output regulation, waveform counting and port isolation, thus achieving integrated multi-parameter detection of the fan's supply voltage, operating current, rotational speed and wind speed, and supporting PWM 0%~100% speed regulation. Test results indicate that the device has a supply voltage range of 0~120 V, a current measurement range of 0~2.0 A and a rotational speed measurement range of 0~10 000 RPM with a measurement accuracy of less than 5%, and is compatible with 2P, 3P, 4P (and higher) fan interfaces. Validated through field applications on Zhengzhou Rail Transit, the device has effectively improved the efficiency of fan maintenance and testing and reduced the misjudgment rate. It provides technical support for the reliable operation of heat dissipation systems of electronic equipment and boasts remarkable engineering application value.
Key words : fan detection; PWM speed regulation; parameter acquisition; embedded system; maintenance support
引言
散热风扇作为电子设备散热系统的核心部件,其性能稳定性直接影响设备运行可靠性。在轨道交通等领域,电子板件配套风扇长期处于高负荷工作状态,易出现转速衰减、电流异常、调速失效等故障。传统检测方式依赖风速仪、功率计等分散仪器,存在操作繁琐、参数无法同步采集、缺乏调速功能验证等缺陷,导致维修效率低下且误判率较高。
当前市场上的风扇检测设备功能单一,难以满足交直流风扇的综合性能测试需求。随着风扇维修技术向精细化方向发展,维修模式已从整体更换转向内部轴承更换、电路维修等精准修复方式,每年郑州地铁需维修检测的散热风扇及模块达200个以上,对集成化、智能化检测设备的需求日益迫切。依据《地铁设计规范》(GB 50157—2013)[1]对轨道交通电子设备散热系统的可靠性要求,结合《城市轨道交通设备设施维护与更新技术规范》中“状态修为主”的维护理念[2],本文设计的风扇性能检测装置,通过多技术融合实现了风扇关键参数的一体化检测与调速功能验证,解决了传统检测方法的痛点问题,为风扇维修提供了精准、高效的技术工具。
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作者信息:
阿克选1,王振鹏1,2,刘正威1
(1郑州交通发展投资集团有限公司,河南郑州450000;
2.西安理工大学自动化与信息工程学院,陕西西安710048)

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