基于AHB总线协议的高效DMA控制器设计
电子技术应用
罗海霆
福州大学 物理与信息工程学院
摘要: 针对 SoC 系统中大规模数据搬移导致 CPU 负载高、总线带宽利用率不足的问题,基于 AHB 总线设计了一款面向低功耗平台的 DMA 控制器,用以提升数据传输效率并降低 CPU 干预。设计采用模块化结构,包括寄存器配置、传输控制、FIFO 缓冲及跨时钟域同步模块,并利用链表描述符实现多数据块的自动连续传输。为优化异步时钟环境下的可靠性,引入双触发器同步与握手机制确保数据跨域稳定。通过仿真与典型 SoC 数据搬运测试验证了设计的功能正确性与性能。结果显示,该控制器可稳定工作在 200 MHz,面积约10 700 μm2,满足系统对低功耗与高效数据传输的需求。
中图分类号:TN911 文献标志码:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.257580
中文引用格式: 罗海霆. 基于AHB总线协议的高效DMA控制器设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2026,52(10):43-49.
英文引用格式: Luo Haiting. Design of efficient DMA controller based on AHB bus protocol[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2026,52(10):43-49.
中文引用格式: 罗海霆. 基于AHB总线协议的高效DMA控制器设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2026,52(10):43-49.
英文引用格式: Luo Haiting. Design of efficient DMA controller based on AHB bus protocol[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2026,52(10):43-49.
Design of efficient DMA controller based on AHB bus protocol
Luo Haiting
College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high CPU load and insufficient bus bandwidth utilization due to large-scale data migration in SoC systems, a DMA controller for low-power platforms is designed based on AHB bus to improve data transmission efficiency and reduce CPU intervention. The design adopts a modular structure that includes register configuration, transmission control, FIFO buffering, and cross-clock domain synchronization modules, and uses linked list descriptors to realize automatic continuous transmission of multiple data blocks. In order to optimize the reliability in the asynchronous clock environment, a dual-trigger synchronization and handshake mechanism are introduced to ensure cross-domain stability of data. The functional correctness and performance of the design were verified through simulation and typical SoC data handling tests. The results show that the controller can operate stably at 200 MHz and has an area of about 10 700 μm², meeting the system's requirements for low power consumption and efficient data transmission.
Key words : integrated circuit design;AHB bus;on-chip bus;DMA controller
引言
DMA控制器是一种用于片上系统的高效数据传输单元,可在存储器与外设间通过系统总线实现自动数据交换,无需CPU频繁参与,从而显著提升系统整体性能与处理效率[1-2]。传统基于简单总线接口的DMA设计受限于带宽与仲裁机制,难以满足多通道高吞吐率传输需求。针对这一问题,本文基于ARM公司提出架构中的高性能AHB总线协议,设计并实现了一种具备双通道结构的DMA控制模块。该设计包含AHB_Slave接口与AHB_Master接口,分别用于接收CPU配置信号与执行数据搬运操作,支持SINGLE、INCR等多种突发传输模式,最大传输量可达65 535。通过引入固定优先级调度机制,控制器实现了高带宽数据传输,在提升传输速率的同时有效降低CPU占用率[3-4],为高性能SoC系统提供了一种高效可扩展的DMA控制解决方案[5]。
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作者信息:
罗海霆
(福州大学 物理与信息工程学院,福建 福州 350108)

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