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基于串并联结合馈电的高增益垂直极化全向天线
2022年电子技术应用第10期
王 琛1,徐慧娟2,杨 龙3,周文涛3,王 娜3
1.航天系统部装备部军代局驻成都地区军代室,四川 成都610036; 2.中国人民解放军63620部队,甘肃 兰州730000;3.西南电子技术研究所,四川 成都610036
摘要: 采用基于串并联结合馈电的方法设计了一种高增益垂直极化全向天线。采用印刷偶极子天线作为基本辐射单元;将4个该基本辐射单元组成串馈阵列以提高天线增益;为进一步提高天线增益和改善串馈阵方向图的频偏特性,将两个四元串馈阵列并联起来,并通过微带线从并联中心馈电;最后将金属支撑与微带馈电网络对称设计,实现良好的馈电和改善水平面方向图的不圆度。制作了天线实物并进行了测试,实物的测试结果表明,天线在7.4 GHz~8.4 GHz的频段内VSWR≤2,阻抗带宽为13%。在工作频段内天线方向图不圆度小于2.5 dB,增益大于8 dB。此外,天线的横向尺寸小于0.7λ0。该天线结构紧凑、加工方便、性能优良, 可应用于宽带、高增益、全向空域覆盖的通信系统中。
中图分类号: TN820.1
文献标识码: A
DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.222874
中文引用格式: 王琛,徐慧娟,杨龙,等. 基于串并联结合馈电的高增益垂直极化全向天线[J].电子技术应用,2022,48(10):97-102.
英文引用格式: Wang Chen,Xu Huijuan,Yang Long,et al. A high gain vertically polarized ominidirectional antenna based on series-parallel fending method[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2022,48(10):97-102.
A high gain vertically polarized ominidirectional antenna based on series-parallel fending method
Wang Chen1,Xu Huijuan2,Yang Long3,Zhou Wentao3,Wang Na3
1.The Military Representative Office of the Equipment Department of the Aerospace System Department in Chengdu, Chengdu 610036,China; 2.Unit 63620 of the PLA,Lanzhou 730000,China;3.Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology,Chengdu 610036,China
Abstract: A vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna with high gain is proposed based on the method of series-parallel feeding. Firstly, a printed dipole antenna is used as the basic radiation unit, and then four of the basic radiation units are formed into a series-fed array to improve the antenna gain. Secondly, in order to further increase antenna gain and make the antenna patterns of the series-fed array desensitize to frequency, two four-element series-fed arrays are connected in parallel and fed from the center through a parallel feed network. Finally, the metal support and the microstrip feeding network are symmetrically designed to achieve good feeding and improve the unevenness of the pattern in the horizontal plane. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 13% and the VSWR≤2 in the frequency range of 7.4 GHz~8.4 GHz. The gain variations in the horizontal plane less than 2.5 dB and the gains are more than 8 dB across the operating band. In addition, the transverse size of the antenna is less than 0.7λ0. The antenna has the advantages of compact structure, convenient processing and excellent performance. It can be used in wide-band, high-gain and wide-angle space coverage communication systems.
Key words : printed dipole;series-parallel fending;high gain;vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna

0 引言

    随着现代无线通信技术的飞速发展,具有稳定的全向波束覆盖能力的垂直极化全向天线越来越受到人们的重视[1-4]。然而它们中的大多数很难同时满足宽带宽、高增益、结构紧凑、简单可行的馈电网络等要求,大大限制了其应用范围。

    通常,垂直偶极子和单极子是最常见的垂直极化全向天线[5-6]。然而,它们的窄带宽和有限的增益仍然是未来应用的挑战。通过将长同轴电缆的内外导体互换,同轴共线天线可以获得10 dB[7-8]以上的增益,但是阻抗带宽往往较窄(小于10%)。然后,学者提出了一种全向平面微带天线[9]和一种全向平面缝隙天线[10],它们分别由一系列交替布置在每个结合处的微带天线段和一系列刻蚀在两条平行带线上的矩形环槽组成,虽然它们可以达到6 dB以上的高增益,但是它们的阻抗带宽都小于10%,而且它们的波束方向对工作频率很敏感,导致不稳定的辐射方向图。文献[11]中的平面垂直极化全向天线采用背靠背的印刷偶极子单元排列获得较高的增益,但带宽仅为5.5%。在文献[12]中,采用非对称偶极子和寄生条可实现双频带宽,相对带宽分别为20.2%和21.3%,它在两个频带的增益都在6.5 dBi以上。在文献[13]中,学者提出了一种新型的垂直极化全向天线,该天线采用3个单元,每个单元由三维偶极子和寄生偶极子垂直安装组成,每个单元与与相邻单元呈120°夹角,使阻抗带宽超过30%,增益从5.7 dB增加到8.0 dB。文献[14]提出了一种非对称U形柱宽带全向天线阵列,采用非对称U形柱天线激励附加谐振模式,其工作带宽可超过30%。然而不足的是,文献[12]-[14]中的这3个天线的良好性能均以牺牲横向尺寸为代价,造成庞大而复杂的几何形状。




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作者信息:

王  琛1,徐慧娟2,杨  龙3,周文涛3,王  娜3

(1.航天系统部装备部军代局驻成都地区军代室,四川 成都610036;

2.中国人民解放军63620部队,甘肃 兰州730000;3.西南电子技术研究所,四川 成都610036)




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