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数据可携带情形下的权利冲突与规则调适
网络安全与数据治理 4期
王欣辰,沈廖佳
(1.中国科学技术大学 知识产权研究院,安徽合肥230026; 2.东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189)
摘要: 能否有效化解数据可携带情形下的权利冲突问题,既是各国布局可携带权的考量要点,亦是影响制度成败的关键所在。从权利本质上看,可携带权既是实现多元主体利益平衡的工具,又因其权利内涵的积极性和实体性在个人信息权利束中扮演着极为特殊的角色。以司法实践为镜,唯有摆脱“三重授权原则”与《反不正当竞争法》的窠臼,直面可携带情形下的各类权利冲突,才能打破个人介入数据流转与分配的桎梏。由典型场景入手,可携带情形下的权利冲突主要体现为对个人信息的贬损、对知识产权的袭扰和对数据安全的威胁。应从立法理念、客体范围、法律互动和安全保障四个方面进行冲突调试,进而实现我国可携带权制度的“完美闭环”。
中图分类号:D923.8
文献标识码:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.04.007
引用格式:王欣辰,沈廖佳.数据可携带情形下的权利冲突与规则调适[J].网络安全与数据治理,2023,42(4):39-44.
Rights conflict and coordination in situation of data portability
Rights conflict and coordination in situation of data portability Wang Xinchen1,Shen Liaojia2
(1Intellectual Property Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; 2School of Law, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)
Abstract: Whether it can effectively address the collision of the right to data portability is not only the key aspects for the right to portability strategy in countries, but also the core of the success or failure of the system. From the perspective of the essence of rights, the right of portability emerges as a tool to achieve a balance of interests of multiple subjects, it also plays an extremely special role in the bundle of personal information rights due to the positive impacts and the substance of being human. Taking judicial practice as a mirror, the only way to break the shackles of data transfer and distribution of data interests is to get rid of the “Triple Authorization Principle” and the AntiUnfair Competition Law and face up to the various types of the collision of the right to data portability. Starting from a typical scenario, the collision of the right to data portability is mainly reflected in the derogation of personal information, the infringement of intellectual property rights as well as the threat to data security. It is advised to establish a resolution mechanism of collision of right under the various situation, designing from the four aspects of the legislative concept, object boundary, legal interaction, and security guarantee, so as to achieve a “perfect closed loop ” of the right to data portability system in China.
Key words : the right to data portability; personal information protection; collision of rights; data security

0    引言

数据可携带权(以下简称可携带权)是由我国《个人信息保护法》第45条第3款确立的新兴权利,其含义为个人作为数据的源头有权请求数据处理者将特定个人信息转移至其他的数据处理者,而数据控制者应当予以必要的协助[1]。可携带权起源于欧盟的《通用数据保护条例》(General Data Protection Regulations,GDPR),又陆续被美国、巴西和印度等国家引入。一般认为,可携带权是用户制衡数据控制者和数据处理者的策略性工具,肩负着塑造数字人格、消解锁定效应、抑制数据垄断和激发创新活力的制度理想。近年来,除了《个人信息保护法》,相关部门又相继在《中国人民银行金融消费者权益保护实施办法(征求意见稿)》《信息安全技术 个人信息安全规范》(GB/T 35273-2020)《网络数据安全管理条例(征求意见稿)》等文件对数据携带问题进行了回应,所涉条文覆盖了可携带权的定义、可携带情形和数据处理者风险提示义务等内容。




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作者信息:

王欣辰1,沈廖佳2

(1.中国科学技术大学 知识产权研究院,安徽合肥230026;2.东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189)


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