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空基网络定向天线对准与跟踪技术综述
电子技术应用 2023年6期
田娟,蔡爱华,翁丽娜
(中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院, 北京 100041)
摘要: 为了满足宽频带、大容量、远距离和多成员等未来通信需求,定向天线逐渐广泛地投入应用。由于定向天线只在某些特定方向上收发电磁波,相比于全向天线其隐蔽性和抗干扰性强,增加了辐射功率的有效利用率,因此能扩大通信距离,更好地适应多节点的复杂环境。但同时该特性也使得“定向天线对准”成为了研究热点,尤其是为了缓解通信频段变高后传播损耗带来的影响,定向天线波束收窄,导致对准难度进一步加剧;而空基环境中通信双方高速运动,如何保持实时跟踪也成为关键问题。因此针对空-空应用场景,综述定向天线对准及跟踪过程中指向求解、角度测量和波束跟踪等方法,并讨论分析了各方法的优缺点;总结出以轨迹预测为辅助,基于坐标-信号联合跟踪控制方案的系统架构,说明了定向天线对准及跟踪技术的潜在挑战和未来的发展方向。
中图分类号:TN827+.4
文献标志码:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223480
中文引用格式: 田娟,蔡爱华,翁丽娜. 空基网络定向天线对准与跟踪技术综述[J]. 电子技术应用,2023,49(6):1-8.
英文引用格式: Tian Juan,Cai Aihua,Weng Lina. Review on alignment and tracking technologies of directional antenna in air-based networks[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(6):1-8.
Review on alignment and tracking technologies of directional antenna in air-based networks
Tian Juan,Cai Aihua,Weng Lina
(China Academy of Electronic and Information Technology, Beijing 100041, China)
Abstract: In order to meet the requirements of future communication such as wide band, large capacity, long distance and multi-member, directional antenna has been gradually and widely used. The directional antenna only sends and receives electromagnetic waves in some specific directions, compared with the omnidirectional antenna, it has good concealment and anti-interference ability, and increases the effective utilization of radiation power, so it can expand the communication distance and adapt to the complex environment of multi-member better. But at the same time, this feature makes “directional antenna alignment” become the hot spot of research. The beam gets narrower in order to alleviate the influence of propagation loss when the communication frequency gets higher, which intensifies the difficulty of alignment. And both communication parties move at a high speed, how to keep the antenna tracking in real time is another crucial. Therefore, aiming at the air-to-air scenario, this paper summarizes the methods of pointing solution, angle measurement and dynamic tracking, and discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then the system architecture based on a control scheme combining coordinate tracing strategy and signal tracing strategy aided by motion prediction is concluded, and the potential challenges and future development of directional antenna alignment and tracking technology are also illustrated.
Key words : air-to-air;directional antenna alignment;dynamic tracking;angle measurement;motion prediction

0 引言

随着移动通信产业的发展,通信形式的多样化,对通信技术提出了很多新的需求,这些需求也带来了一系列亟待解决的问题。首先,移动通信的传统工作频段的频谱资源非常拥挤,系统容量有限,而较高频段(如毫米波频段、K频段、Ku频段和其他厘米波频段)的可用频谱资源非常丰富,系统容量大。为了缓解频谱资源的短缺,宽频带通信成为未来研究趋势。但是提高工作频率,将导致传播损耗增大,覆盖距离缩短,绕射能力减弱等。而另一方面,为了优化成员及网络整体数据速率,多点通信是解决该难点的核心技术。但相比于点对点通信,多点通信对隐蔽性和抗干扰性有更高要求,并且,由于节点数量增多导致环境复杂化,通信双方传输信号的受干扰概率也进一步增大。作为在移动通信中承担重要角色的天线,其对多种通信需求的兼容性成为了天线设计的重要考虑因素。因此为了满足上述未来通信需求,在收发天线的选择上,隐蔽性和抗干扰性强、辐射功率的有效利用率高的定向天线,将比传统采用的全向天线更为合适。



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作者信息:

田娟,蔡爱华,翁丽娜

(中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院, 北京 100041)


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