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基于超宽带系统的双卡尔曼滤波定位算法
电子技术应用
刘倩芸,林敏,刘灏,于泽,郑立寅
(上海大学 通信与信息工程学院,上海 200444)
摘要: 针对室内复杂通信环境中对于移动目标的循迹需求,设计了一种削弱非视距误差的双卡尔曼滤波器,将经典卡尔曼滤波器与扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行级联,并引入一种根据残差分区调整卡尔曼滤波器协方差的区分误差方式,用于自适应调整经典卡尔曼滤波器的滤波增益,从而达到平滑观测值的作用,最终在扩展卡尔曼滤波后输出待测移动目标的位置信息,实现了移动目标的实时定位。在MATLAB上对该设计思路进行了仿真,在匀速运动模型下与现有的几种算法进行了精度的比较,所提出的双卡尔曼滤波器在仿真上能达到较高的循迹精度,均方根误差在视距情况下达到3 cm以内,非视距情况下达到10 cm以内。
中图分类号:TN92
文献标志码:A
DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.233797
中文引用格式: 刘倩芸,林敏,刘灏,等. 基于超宽带系统的双卡尔曼滤波定位算法[J]. 电子技术应用,2023,49(6):58-62.
英文引用格式: Liu Qianyun,Lin Min,Liu Hao,et al. A double-layer Kalman filter positioning algorithm based on ultra-wide band system[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(6):58-62.

A double-layer Kalman filter positioning algorithm based on ultra-wide band system
Liu Qianyun,Lin Min,Liu Hao,Yu Ze,Zheng Liyin
(School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China)
Abstract: In order to track and locate the moving target in complex indoor environment, a double-layer Kalman filter (DKF) with weakening NLOS noises is designed, which cascades the classical Kalman filter (KF) and the Extended-Kalman filter (EKF). A method for distinguishing the noises is introduced into KF by adjusting the covariance according to the residual between the prediction and measurement. Through this method, the filter gain of KF is able to adjust adaptively, so that the distances measured by ultra-wide band (UWB) sensors can be smoothed and then input into the next EKF. Finally, the real-time positioning is achieved by outputting the position information of the moving target after EKF at each iteration. The algorithm is simulated on MATLAB, and the tracking accuracy is compared with several existing algorithms under the constant velocity (CV) model. The proposed DKF can achieve high accuracy within 3 cm in LOS environment and 10 cm in NLOS environment.
Key words : UWB;Kalman filter;indoor positioning;NLOS noises

0 引言

无线通信技术、网络技术以及定位技术的不断发展与普及,使基于位置的服务逐渐进入人们的生活中,成为了智慧生活和智能城市的重要组成部分。

在无线定位系统中,全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS) 已经得到广泛的应用,技术也已经相当成熟,其覆盖范围广、准确度高、实时性好,在室外的定位精度可以达到10 m左右,这已经较好解决了室外定位的需求。但是随着社会现代化建设的发展,人们大多时间都生活或工作在如高楼大厦的室内环境中。由于建筑物的内部结构复杂,会产生多径效应等影响室内定位精度,无法进行准确且实时的定位。常见的室内定位技术有低功耗蓝牙(Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE)、WiFi、射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)、脉冲无线超宽带(Impulse Radio Ultra-wide band, IR-UWB)等.



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作者信息:

刘倩芸,林敏,刘灏,于泽,郑立寅

(上海大学 通信与信息工程学院,上海 200444)



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